Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) (Streptococcus agalactiae) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of newborn infantsconsidered as a leading factor causing septicemia after birth. The standard method for the diagnosis of GBS colonization is culture in aselective broth medium. Today, it is accepted that PCR has a high sensitivity and specifically in diagnosis. Objectives: The goal of this study was to estimate the colonization of GBS in rectum of neonates of high-risk mother by culture and PCRmethod. Patients and Methods: Samples were taken from rectal mucus of 154neonatesof high-risk mothers for GBS by swab. Samples were testedby standard culture using Todd Hewitt broth …

Abstract Background and Objectives: Epidemiology of Hepatitis A has changed in recent years, and with increasing age, its subclinical nature in childhood turns to more sever hepatitis. Fever and nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms are found in common viral infections in children; this study tends to detect Hepatitis A infection in these children in an ambulatory referral children centre in Mofid Children Hospital.Tehran, Iran

Abstract Coeliac disease (CD) is a highly prevalent autoimmune disorder that is triggered by the ingestion of wheat gluten and related proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. The CD is associated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes particularly with HLA-DQ alleles encoding HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 proteins. To define risk and severity alleles for CD, a total of 120 definite CD patients and 100 healthy controls were genotyped for HLA-DQB1 gene. HLA-DQB1 genotyping was performed in all patients and controls using PCR-SSP technique, and to evaluate the clinical relevance of testing for HLA-DQB1 and determining absolute risk of disease, prevalence-corrected positive predictive value and prevalence-corrected negative predictive …

ABSTRACTBackground: To determine the prevalence rate of ophthalmia neonatorum and its bacterial and chlamydial causes among hospital-born babies in three medical centers in Tehran, during 2001–2002.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 3140 hospital-born babies including 1699 male and 1441 female subjects. All newborns were examined and followed up to the age 30 days after discharge for the signs of conjunctivitis. In the cases of ophthalmia neonatorum, the bacterial etiology was verified by examination of smears and cultures of ophthalmic exudates and Chlamydia Tracomatis was verified by direct immunofluorescent (DIF) microscopy.Results: There were 170 cases of ophthalmia neonatorum (5.4%). Exudate smears were positive …

Abstract Objective:Celiac disease (CD) is developed via autoimmune reactions against gluten which is mainly found in grains. Although HLA DQB1 locus is the most important genetic susceptibility to CD, some other variants such as A49G and G1359T of CTLA4 and CD14 genes respectively have been proposed as CD predisposing genetic factors in many various studies. We aimed to assess possible roles of A49G and G1359T polymorphisms in CD susceptibility in the Iranian population.Materials and Methods:In this case-control, one hundred CD patients and 100 healthy matched controls with average age of 30-33 years were selected. They were genotyped for both A49G and G1359T polymorphisms using polymerase …

The (bacille Calmette-Gue´rin) BCG is widely practiced in many countries in pediatric group and is a part of routine vaccination program at birth in IR. IRAN for prophylaxis against tuberculosis, but its efficacy is a matter of debate in different geographic and ethnic regions. Adverse reactions induced by BCG vaccination ranges from BCG adenitis, osteitis, and cold abscess at vaccination site to rare occurrence of disseminated infection (BCG-osis). This Lethal disseminated disease specifically affects children with an immune deficiency and generally develops a few months after vaccination. We report one cases of disseminated BCG infection occurred in a 4 months old boy , with severe …

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) (Streptococcus agalactiae) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of newborn infantsconsidered a leading factor causing septicemia after birth. The standard method for the diagnosis of GBS colonization is culture in aselective medium, but PCR has a high sensitivity and specificity. Objectives: The goal of this study was to estimate the colonization of GBS in rectum of neonates of high-risk mothers by culture and PCRmethod. Patients and Methods: Samples were taken from rectal mucosa of 154 neonatesof high-risk mothers for GBS by swabs. Samples weretested by standard culture using Todd Hewitt broth and blood agar and also by PCR …

Background: Renal scintigraphy with technetium 99m labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid(99mTc-DMSA) is a traditional imaging technique commonly used to detect renal scar inpatients with probable vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and/or urinary tract infection (UTIs).We determined whether normal results of DMSA renal scan obviate the need for voidingcystourethrography (VCUG) in evaluating children with UTIs.Materials and Methods: We observed medical records from June 2006 to April 2007 retrospectivelyof 208 children admitted with community acquired UTIs to Mofid children hospital(Tehran, IR/Iran) a teaching hospital in Tehran in which their age was between 2-120months. The association between DMSA renal scan results and VCUG findings performed 48hours and 1 month after the diagnosis …

Background: In spite of vaccination, outbreaks of measles occur in many countries, andmeasles remains the most frequent cause of death among vaccine preventable diseases.Objectives: To compare anti-measles antibody titer between revaccinated and non-revaccinatedmedical students 2 years after the National MR (Measles, Rubella) VaccinationProgram, which was implemented in 2002-2003 for individuals aged 5 to 25 years in Iran.Patients and Methods: This stratified cross-sectional study was conducted on 78 revaccinatedand unvaccinated for national MMR vaccination (2002) medical students aged22-25 years, who attended our Markaz Tebi Children Hospital in Tehran for their pediatricrotation from summer to winter in 2005. The revaccinated group was selected by simplerandom sampling from …